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Weapons and armour of Middle-earth are found in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth fantasy writings, such as ''The Hobbit'', ''The Lord of the Rings'' and ''The Silmarillion''. Wars and battles are featured in much of Tolkien's writings, and weapons and armour are often given special attention.〔〔 Tolkien modelled his fictional warfare on the Ancient and Early Middle periods of history. His depiction of weapons and armour particularly reflect the Northern European culture of ''Beowulf'', the Norse sagas and similar works. Tolkien established this relationship in ''The Fall of Gondolin'', the first story in his ''legendarium'' to be written. In this story, the Elves of Gondolin use mail armour, swords, shields, spears, axes and bows, which is consistent with Northern European warfare. In Tolkien's writings, these kinds of weapons and armour are used by his fictional races, including Elves, Dwarves, Men, Hobbits, and Orcs. Like his sources Tolkien sometimes uses the motif of ceremonial runic inscriptions in his fictional items of warfare to show these items are magical and have their own history. ==Terminology== Tolkien devised several constructed languages with terms for types of weapons. * Sword: Noldorin Sindarin: ''magl, magol'',〔J.R.R. Tolkien, ''The Lost Road'', p. 371.〕 North Sindarin ''magor'',〔J.R.R. Tolkien, ''The War of the Jewels'', p. 234.〕 Quenya: ''makil'', ''macil'',〔 Noldorin Sindarin: ''crist''.〔J.R.R. Tolkien, ''The Lost Road'', p. 365.〕 * Dagger, Knife: Noldorin Sindarin: ''sigil'', Quenya: ''sicil'' 〔J.R.R. Tolkien, ''The Lost Road'', p. 385.〕 * Axe: North Sindarin: ''hathol'',〔 Quenya: ''pelekko'' (Hooker notes the similarity of the Greek πέλεκυς pélekys: double-headed axe), Khuzdul: ''baruk'' (construct state: reconstructed singular ''burk''〔''http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/khuzdul.htm〕 ) * Spear: Quenya: ''hatal''〔''Vinyar Tengwar'' 49, p. 14.〕 also ''ehte''〔J.R.R. Tolkien, ''The Lost Road'', p. 355.〕 * Bow: Noldorin Sindarin: ''peng'' also poetically ''cû'' ("arch"), Quenya: ''quinga''.〔J.R.R. Tolkien, ''The Lost Road'', p. 366.〕 * Arrow: Quenya: ''pilin'', pl. ''pilindi''〔The Etymologies under the root PÍLIM-.〕 (Hooker notes the similarity of the Latin pīlum (throwing spear ), with cognates in the Old High German (), Modern German (), Old English (), late Old Norse (), and the Dutch (). Tolkien also devised terms for specific makes of weapons, like ''lango'' (broad sword), ''eket'', ''ecet'' (short sword), and ''lhang'' (cutlass, sword).〔J.R.R. Tolkien, ''The Lost Road'', p. 367.〕 ''Lhang'' was used for a large two-handed, curved-bladed sword with a long handle used by Elves in the ''The Lord of the Rings'' film trilogy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Middle-earth weapons and armour」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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